Batterie Store Blog

Instagram is offering its users the option to hide the number of likes they receive on posts on the app.

The aim is to “depressurize people’s experience” on the platform, the social media giant said.

Users with the feature enabled will now see the username of a follower who has liked the post, “and others”, instead of a number.

The tool has been tested in several countries since 2019, but it is now being rolled out globally.

“This has taken longer than I had hoped, but I am pretty excited about… giving people more control over the experience,” Instagram’s boss Adam Mosseri told the BBC.

Mental health
In its testing and research, Instagram said that removing likes had little impact on behaviour or wellbeing – after concerns that using the platform could be linked to insecurity and poor mental health.

Despite this, Mr Mosseri said Instagram – which is owned by Facebook – introduced the feature to make “people feel good about the time they spend” on the platform.

“I do think there’s more to do in this space,” he added. “The more we can give people the ability to shape Instagram and Facebook into what’s good for them, the better.”

Presentational grey line
How to activate it
The feature can be switched on or off at any time. To change it:

Go to Settings
Enter the new Posts section
Select Hide Like and View Counts
Even if a user has Like Counts enabled, they will not be able to see the number of likes on accounts or posts that have hidden them.

Users will also have the option hide counts on a specific post, before and after it goes live on the platform.

Presentational grey line
‘Less worried’
“The spirit of this is to give people a choice,” Mr Mosseri added, using the example of going through a break-up in a relationship or switching schools.

“Maybe you want to be a little bit less worried about how many likes everyone’s getting for a couple weeks or a couple of months, and then maybe you want to switch back.

“If it’s a one-way door, people tend to get hesitant about using the control.”

Instagram’s algorithm will still take the number of likes into account when promoting posts on the platform, but it also takes into consideration other factors, such as what the user follows or engages with.

Mr Mosseri said there had been a “polarised” reaction from creators – accounts which make money through brand partnerships and advertising on the platform – but that the new feature didn’t affect revenues.

Instagram for children
Earlier this year, concerns were raised over leaked plans to design a version of Instagram for children.

Plans to create an Instagram for under-13s were not “fully fledged”, Mr Mosseri said, explaining that it was difficult to verify ages, as children often didn’t have IDs.

“It has to be more responsible to give parents oversight and transparency than to have kids continue to lie about their age.”

He said the app would “take some time” to create.

Russia’s media watchdog has threatened to slow down the speed of Google if it fails to delete what it calls “unlawful content.”

Roskomnadzor has given Google 24 hours to remove videos it says relate to drugs, violence and extremism.

Google – which owns YouTube – could be fined between 800,000 and 4 million roubles (£7,700 – £38,000) by the service.

The tech firm said it often requires court decisions to react to requests.

Roskomnadzor sent more than 26,000 notices to Google to delete what it called “illegal information,” the watchdog said in a statement reported by state-run news agency TASS.

The statement also accused Google of restricting YouTube access to Russian media outlets, including RT and Sputnik, and supporting “illegal protest activity.”

Google said it receives requests from different government organisations across the world and the laws of each country vary.

The company often responds once a court decision has been reached. But it also said it was important to maintain YouTube as an open platform for various kinds of views.

Internet traffic
If Google does not act, the watchdog said it could also slow down internet speeds for users in Russia trying to access Google.

The state has already used these powers in March, to restrict access to Twitter after Roskomnadzor said it failed to remove around 3,000 posts.

Internet service providers in Russia can limit or block the flow of data to websites, making connections slower when accessing certain pages.

YouTube
Google is currently suing Roskomnadzor over demands that it removes content, according to court documents seen by Reuters.

The case involves twelve YouTube videos which include encouraging minors to join unsanctioned protests in January, in support of jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny.

Mr Navalny has more than 6.5 million subscribers on YouTube, and regularly posts videos on the platform voicing his opposition to President Vladimir Putin and the Russian government.

A hearing has been scheduled for 14 July.

As one of the original viral videos, the Charlie Bit My Finger clip is a little piece of internet history.

But now the much-loved clip of baby Charlie gnawing on his brother Harry’s finger will be taken off YouTube after it was sold for $760,999 (£538,000).

The Davies-Carr family auctioned the clip as an NFT, a non-fungible token.

Bids came into their auction page throughout the weekend, but the price dramatically increased in its final hours on Sunday.

The bidding battle was between two anonymous accounts.

“3fmusic” eventually outbid “mememaster” for the video, which has been watched more than 880 million times since it was put on YouTube in 2007.

The clip had been due to be removed from the video sharing platform on 23 May, following the auction – but at the moment it’s still there.

An NFT is like a certificate to say that you own something digital. It means original versions of viral videos, memes or tweets can be sold as if they were art.

It’s a lucrative business for those who own viral clips.

The “Disaster Girl Meme” – a picture of a young girl smiling with a fire in the background – was recently sold as an NFT for $473,000 (£341,000).

Sunday’s spending spree means the mysterious anonymous bidder will become the owner of the Charlie Bit My Finger clip.

But it also gives them a chance to create some follow-up content.

The auction page says the NFT winner will be given the opportunity to “recreate a hilarious modern-day rendition of the classic clip” that will feature “the original stars, Harry and Charlie”.

What are NFTs and why are some worth millions?
Watch: ‘Memes should be archived in a museum’
Are NFTs a new opportunity for digital artists?
Now aged 17 and 15, it’s the right time for Harry and Charlie to “embrace the next iteration of the internet”, the site adds.

The video was uploaded to YouTube by Harry and Charlie’s dad, Howard, in 2007, because he couldn’t email it to their godparents in America.

The family website says the clip was filmed as “a part of catching random moments as the boys were growing up”, and that it “unintentionally went viral”.

They haven’t said what they’re planning on doing with the money.

Prominent Black Lives Matter activist Sasha Johnson is in a critical condition after being shot, her political party says.

Taking the Initiative Party said she was being treated in intensive care after being shot in the head in the early hours of Sunday morning.

The BBC understands the incident happened in south London.

The Metropolitan Police said a 27-year-old woman was shot shortly before 03:00 at a gathering in Southwark.

The force has not confirmed the woman’s identity.

Officers said the woman was taken to a south London hospital with life-threatening injuries and have appealed for witnesses. Her family have been informed.

Police said at this stage there was no evidence to suggest it was a targeted shooting or that she had received any credible threats against her prior to the incident.

Detectives from the Met’s Specialist Crime Command have been conducting enquiries at the scene in Consort Road and the surrounding area, and are pursuing a number of lines.

It is believed that the shooting occurred near a house where a party was taking place and that a number of people may have been in the area, a Met police statement said.

Family supported
Detective Chief Inspector Jimi Tele said: “This was a shocking incident that has left a young woman with very serious injuries. Our thoughts are with her family who are being provided with support at this terribly difficult time.

He said detectives were making progress but needed the public’s help: “If you saw anything suspicious in the Consort Road area in the early hours of Sunday morning or if you have heard information since that could help detectives, it is crucial that you get in touch.”

Ms Johnson, a graduate of Oxford Brookes University, has been a leading figure in the Black Lives Matter movement in the UK, and is a member of the Taking the Initiative Party’s leadership committee.

In a statement on Instagram, the party said Ms Johnson was a mother of two, and a “powerful voice” who had always been fighting for black people and the injustices that surround the black community.

“Let’s all come together and pray for Sasha, pray for her recovery and show our support to her family and loved ones,” it said.

Lockdowns have forced people to spend the past year and more learning, working, and socialising online – but in many countries, women have been missing out.

They are less likely than men to have access to the internet in nearly every region of the world, according to the latest figures from UN agency the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The so-called digital gender gap is most noticeable in Africa, where the ITU estimates that 37% of men have internet access but only 20% of women.

What is more, the divide appears actually to have widened in Africa since 2013.

“If you don’t have digital skills, you’re going to be left behind,” says Regina Honu, founder of Soronko Academy, a tech school for women and girls in Ghana.

“Before Covid, if we put out an invitation for people to sign up, we would have 100 or 200 women,” she says.

“After Covid, we had more than 2,000 women signing up.

“Covid has made people realise that if you don’t have digital skills, you’re going to be left behind.”

Regina says many girls in Ghana might not even touch a computer until they go to school, or might have their internet access restricted by male family members.

And in the era of social distancing, connecting with people who are lacking the tech or the experience is difficult. Video calls are not possible for students without a computer or high-end smartphone, or for whom the cost of data is an issue.

Regina has instead found solutions that work for simpler phones.

“We used WhatsApp and Telegram. We made calls to check in and find out how they were doing,” she explains.

But it has not been possible to reach everybody using such methods and she was pleased when lockdown easing meant they could “come back in person”.

Gender-neutral
Lack of digital skills may deprive women of healthcare, education, work, and financial independence.

It is not easy to explain why the digital gender gap is wider in certain places than in others, says Boutheina Guermazi, director of digital development at the World Bank. But social, cultural, and financial factors all appear to be at work.

“I think it’s linked to the broader gender divide”, she says. “In regions where women do not have equal rights to own land, for example, or equal rights to the job market – when we add a digital dimension, the gap will clearly be deeper than in other regions, where those rights are equal.”

And she says the Covid situation “hasn’t been gender-neutral,” making life even harder for some women.

Globally, women remain less likely than men to own a smartphone, according to mobile industry body the GSMA. But they are increasingly likely at least to be able to use one to access the internet.

This has been driven by positive change in South Asia, says the GSMA. But a gap does persist in the region: women are still estimated to be 36% less likely than men to have mobile internet access.

It was around 2018 that Nirmala Kumari used a simple mobile for the first time.

Today, she is a skilled user who is also helping other women in India to get connected, thanks to her work for a social-media network run by tech firm Gram Vaani.

Typically in her east Indian state of Bihar, if there is only one handset per household, men tend to get priority. As for the women, some of them do not even know how to charge the device.

But the pandemic has changed this, Nirmala told the BBC in an interview before India’s devastating second wave of Covid infections.

“During the lockdown period, as the entire family used to stay in one place, the mobile phone was available at home,” she said.

“So, at that time, women did get mobile access.”

Her Mobile Vaani project gives women a voice on an audio-based media platform. Users dial in, listen to material on topics such as maternity advice, and can even record and contribute their own words to a conversation, as well. The service is designed to be informative and to boost women’s confidence with using mobiles.

Coronavirus has made the platform even more useful for many people – but harder for Nirmala to promote than before. She switched to a remote-working method that relies on her calling influential women who operate within village community self-help groups.

“We told them to ask others to listen to Mamp, because it had important information, and because we needed their stories about coronavirus – good ones and bad ones,” she says.

“The trick worked, and we got some very inspiring stories.”

Abuse on rise

Gender-based violence during lockdowns has been described by the UN as a “shadow pandemic”.

“If there’s discrimination in the offline world, that is going to be projected on to our online spaces as well,” says Jannat Fazal, who manages a cyber-harassment phone helpline in Pakistan. Spearheaded by the country’s Digital Rights Foundation, it is the first of its kind in South Asia.

After Pakistan entered lockdown, the Lahore-based helpline logged a 500% increase in calls. Typical complaints included women being bullied or impersonated on social media, or being blackmailed when their personal information was shared without their consent.

Online spaces
In Pakistan’s patriarchal society, these female victims may be blamed for supposedly “dishonouring” their families. In extreme cases, they may even be killed for it.

Jannat offers legal help, advice on digital security and psychological assistance for those in distress. During a peak earlier in the pandemic, her team found itself needing to offer round-the-clock support.

“Men tend to navigate online spaces without thinking something will happen”, she says. “But women, on the other hand, have this constant fear.

“We need digital literacy and training so that women are more confident using social-media platforms and they’re less vulnerable.”

Ms Guermazi is hopeful that the issue of the digital gender gap is now more prominent in the minds of policymakers – including those in developed nations.

“I think what coronavirus did for the digital agenda was something unprecedented.”

Office-sharing startup WeWork has posted a $2.06bn (£1.45bn) quarterly loss after being hit hard by Covid-19.

The announcement comes as WeWork prepares for its stock market debut.

The company’s first attempt to go public collapsed in 2019 over concerns about its business model and co-founder Adam Neumann’s leadership style.

Since Mr Neumann’s exit the company has gone through a major shakeup that has seen major job cuts and businesses sold off.

WeWork office firm valued at $9bn
WeWork sues SoftBank after withdrawal of $3bn deal
WeWork axes 2,400 staff globally
The business felt the impact of the pandemic particularly hard as social distancing rules drove a surge in people working from home and concerns about infections saw workers avoiding shared office spaces.

WeWork, which is backed by Japanese tech giant SoftBank, said its first-quarter revenue almost halved from a year ago to $598m.

But the firm said people are now returning to its offices as coronavirus restrictions are eased.

Its occupancy rate edged up to 50% in the most recent quarter, compared to 47% in the previous three months.

The company also said it expects the change in working habits to increase demand for the kind of short-term leases it offers.

Stock market plans
In March, WeWork said it would finally see its shares start trading on the stock market, through the purchase by the publicly traded BowX Acquisition Corp.

BowX is a so-called special purpose acquisition company, a shell firm that uses proceeds from a public listing to buy a private firm.

The firm is led by the owner of the NBA’s Sacramento Kings and affiliated with basketball legend Shaquille O’Neill.

The deal valued WeWork at $9bn – roughly a fifth of the its estimated worth in 2019, before its earlier flotation effort spectacularly imploded.

Investors had raised questions about the company’s finances and how the business was being managed by founder Adam Neumann, who then left the firm.

After plans to list the company were shelved, WeWork restructured the the business.

It closed around 100 locations, pulled out of non-core ventures – including a dog walking app and a wave pool maker – and now has just a third of the employees it did in mid-2019.

The company said it incurred restructuring costs of $494m, including its settlement with Mr Neumann. It posted an impairment charge of $299m partly due to an exit out of some real estate.

In February, WeWork’s backer, SoftBank, and Mr Neumann reached a settlement to end a legal battle that started in 2019.

For nine years, Chris Hughes has fought a battle very few people ever see.

He oversees a team of 21 analysts in Cambridge who locate, identify and remove child sexual abuse material (CSAM) from the internet.

The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) is funded by the global tech industry.

It manually reviews online reports of suspected criminal content sent in by the public. Mr Hughes sees upsetting material every day.

When content is verified, analysts create unique “digital fingerprints” of each photo or video, then send it to law enforcement and tech firms. They also search for material online.

Occasionally, there are harrowing situations racing to track down victims from live streaming video.

Reports jumped during the pandemic, he says: “Over the recent May bank holiday weekend, we had more than 2,000 reports.”

In 2020, IWF received 300,000 reports and 153,000 were verified to be new CSAM content.

Police say more child predators can now be found on messaging apps, rather than on the dark web. Many don’t even encrypt their web traffic.

Many authorities are concerned that Facebook wants to introduce end-to-end encryption on messages sent over Messenger and Instagram Direct.

End-to-end encryption is a privacy feature that makes it impossible for anyone except the sender and recipient to read messages sent online.

Authorities are concerned, saying this will make it much harder to apprehend suspects and detect child predators.

Facebook says using such technology will protect users’ privacy.

But the US, UK and Australia have repeatedly objected to the idea since 2019, saying it will jeopardise work to combat child abuse.

Australia has also demanded the tech industry hand over public encryption keys – backdoors to their networks – to authorities. Firms, both abroad and in Australia, refused.

Enabling backdoors would be bad, says Jenny Afia, head of Schillings’ legal team: “Any legally-enforced weakening of the encryption algorithm, or vulnerability placed within the software…would potentially allow criminals to exploit [it].

“It is worth bearing in mind that having end-to-end encryption in place has already prevented a lot of crime.”

Netsweeper in Canada catalogues the internet to help schools and internet service providers block harmful content.

It sees a quarter of the world’s internet traffic and is in 37% of British schools, scanning 100 million new URLs daily. Up to 300 URLs are reported to IWF daily.

“To date, governments have left the large tech companies alone – probably because they didn’t understand them as much as they do now,” says Netsweeper’s chief executive Perry Roach.

“But if we don’t enable law enforcement with sophisticated tools, it will allow criminals, scammers, paedophiles and terrorists to move across the internet undetected.”

Software engineer Brian Bason founded US firm Bark after giving his sons their first mobile phones.

Bark uses AI neural networks to analyse text messages and social media in milliseconds for bullying, online predation, child abuse, signs of depression and suicidal ideas.

Children have to agree to hand over their login credentials, but only relevant sections of messages are sent in alerts to parents and schools.

Bark has informed the FBI of nearly a thousand child predators over the last five years.

“The reality is end-to-end encryption will drastically reduce the amount of CSAM material reported to authorities,” Mr Bason tells the BBC. “To me, the trade-off is not worth it.”

Perhaps these firms disagree because their business models rely on having unfettered access to data pipelines.

However, former UK and US intelligence agency staff tell the BBC there are other successful methods investigators can use if end-to-end encryption is introduced, like phishing, where users are tricked into visiting fake websites and handing over login credentials.

Internet giants should use machine learning to detect child predator behaviour on the device or server, they add, which wouldn’t break encryption, as it occurs only after the message has been decrypted.

Thorn, a US foundation that develops software to combat child exploitation, identifies eight child victims and 215 pieces of child abuse material per day.

Sarah Gardner, VP of external affairs at Thorn, suggests using “homomorphic encryption” – a form of encryption that lets users perform computations on encrypted data, without first decrypting it.

Another option would be to invest in better solutions, she adds.

Edinburgh-based Cyan Forensics, which uses statistical sampling to scan suspects’ devices for CSAM content in just 10 minutes, agrees.

“End-to-end encryption is here already and it’s neither good nor bad,” says Cyan Forensics’ co-founder and chief executive Ian Stevenson.

“However, there is a dire need for broader protocols to ensure the safety of children online.”

Former detective constable Alan McConnell, who worked on more than a hundred child sex abuse cases, left Police Scotland to teach Cyan about the problems the police face.

As a result of his work, a major UK police force used Cyan’s software to detect CSAM material on an ex-offender’s computer in March. The individual was found to have surreptitiously installed cameras at a club used by children.

However, a senior German prosecutor says his biggest problem is getting tech firms to play ball.

“We’re addressing all the big tech firms – please help us,” says Markus Hartmann, director of North Rhine-Westphalia’s central cybercrime department.

“You hear they have these big teams fighting digital crimes, and I wonder, why don’t they file any complaints with law enforcement?”

His unit recently busted a child pornography ring, charging 65 suspects and rescuing a 13-year-old child.

They were aided by Microsoft, which scanned its database of Skype users to locate the suspects’ IP addresses.

Mr Hartmann is surprisingly in favour of encryption.

“If you break encryption, put in backdoors or ban it, then you’re doing more harm than good… and I doubt the guys we are really going after, will not be able to get around it,” he says.

“Even as a prosecutor, I could set up my own end-to-end encrypted network in two days, routed through public libraries.”

Dr Greg Brittles’ eyes gleam with excitement when he explains the project he is working on.

“It’s every engineer’s dream really, to have a project that’s technically challenging, which requires you to develop new technology and solutions to hard problems, but that are also simultaneously important for the world to have.”

Since finishing his research at Oxford University five years ago, he has been working for Tokamak Energy, a UK start-up that has plans to build a fusion reactor.

Fusion is the reaction that powers the Sun and the stars. If that power could be harnessed on Earth it would provide a plentiful source of energy, from only a tiny amount of fuel and producing no carbon dioxide. What’s not to love?

The principle is easy enough to understand. Take hydrogen atoms, add enough heat and pressure and they will fuse together to form helium. During that process some of the hydrogen mass is transformed into heat, which you can use to make electricity.

The catch is that to make fusion happen here on Earth, you have to heat hydrogen isotopes to hundreds of millions of degrees, until they become so energetic they break apart into a whirling state of matter called plasma.

The challenge has always been to contain that plasma. Stars do it with gravity, but on Earth the most common method is to use powerful magnetic fields to keep the plasma confined.

Much of the engineering challenge has come down to building magnets. They have to be powerful enough to contain an insanely hot, whirling mass of matter, but not use so much electricity that your reactor uses more power than it generates.

Later this year Dr Bob Mumgaard and his team at Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) will test a ground-breaking magnet that they say can make that leap forward.

Weighing 10 tonnes, the D-shaped magnet is big enough for a person to step through. Around 300km of a very special electromagnetic tape is wound into that D-shape.

The tape itself is a feat of engineering that has taken decades to develop. Thin layers of superconducting rare-earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO) are deposited on a metal tape. When cooled that bundle of tape can conduct electricity extremely efficiently, which is essential as 40,000 amps will pass through it, enough electricity to power a small town.

When the fusion industry says cooled it means the tape is chilled to minus 253C, which might sound absurdly cold to you, but in the world of superconducting materials is actually rather warm.

“It means the refrigerator that we’re using is like a refrigerator that could fit in your kitchen,” says Dr Mumgaard, who co-founded CFS and is the chief executive.

“The same thing with the previous generation of technology… would need a refrigerator that’s the size of your house.”

CFS is planning a reactor that will house 18 of those magnets, arranged in a ring – a set-up known as a tokamak – and has recently selected a site for the reactor in Massachusetts.

“We were the first to really get this magnet beyond just a tabletop, R&D [reseach and development] scale that people had done at some smaller companies and some national labs.

“We’re all at the scale now where it’s what you need to build fusion machines. You don’t have to go up from something that is sort of a toy scale to something that is at fusion scale,” Dr Mumgaard says.

The leap forward in magnet technology is also central to the fusion project at Tokamak Energy in the UK.

Dr Brittles has spent the last five years developing that technology and is currently helping to build a demonstrator that will have a series of powerful magnets working together.

“It will be an assembly of many, many coils generating forces that are all interacting and pulling on one another forming a balanced set. This has to be controlled or the forces could become imbalanced,” he explains.

The forces that such magnetic fields can generate are mind-boggling. When operating at full power, Dr Brittles likens the force generated by his magnets to double the pressure at the bottom of the deepest ocean trench.

When those magnets are ready, they will go into a spherical tokamak – an apple-shaped fusion reactor.

Research suggests such a design will generate more energy for each unit of power it uses, than the more commonly used doughnut-shaped tokamak – the design that CFS and others are using.

“The real challenge is commercial fusion. And that’s really what’s driving us, why we’re focusing on the spherical tokamak because of the long-term commercial advantages,” says Dr David Kingham, one of the founders of Tokamak Energy and currently executive vice chairman.

“We think our technology will be deployable in a fusion pilot plant in the early 2030s,” he says. “I think it will be a global race. There are interesting private ventures in the States. And we will be in a race with them.”

The promise of a working fusion reactor has been around for decades (and always will be, so the old joke goes).

The biggest project is under way in southern France where a consortium of nations are building ITER, a giant reactor that has, so far, cost billions of pounds to build and is running years behind its original schedule.

However, more compact designs like those planned by Tokamak Energy and CFS are attracting private investors, who are betting they will be viable commercial propositions.Dr Wal van Lierop founded his venture capital firm, Chrysalix, 20 years ago and, since 2008, has invested tens of millions of dollars in Canadian firm General Fusion.

Historically, he says, the fusion industry has struggled to raise finance, in part because so much money has been sunk into ITER, but that is all changing.

“I see more money being invested, more interest, and people are starting to realise that this is a very big platform technology and that it is not any longer something that may or may not work by 2050.”

Dr van Lierop points out that the potential prize is huge. The global electricity market is worth around $3 trillion (£2.15tn) a year and is only likely to get bigger.

“If this [fusion] is successful, this will open up the largest industry transition that we have ever seen.”

Back at the coal face (or perhaps plasma face), Dr Brittles confesses that there is still a lot of engineering work to be done, but he is confident.

“We’re working hard to tackle lots of challenges that could trip us up at any point. But from where we sit, there’s nothing that stands in the way that I think is a showstopper.”

Follow Technology of Business editor Ben Morris on Twitter.

“Right now, I have 14 roles immediately available and over the last month we’ve had one application.”

Mark Wright runs the digital marketing company Climb Online, which he launched after winning BBC TV show The Apprentice in 2014.

While digital marketing is a growing field, the entrepreneur says there simply aren’t enough people available with the necessary skills.

“It’s very, very worrying,” he told Radio 5 Live’s Wake Up to Money.

“Facebook advertising, Google advertising – some of this stuff has only been around five to 10 years and there’s a huge skills shortage,” says Mr Wright.

He echoes the concerns of industry experts who have warned the UK is facing a digital skills shortage “disaster”.

Earlier this month, the economist and former cabinet secretary Gus O’Donnell told the BBC the UK would “get left behind” if it didn’t become “highly competitive globally” in terms of these “new skills”.

According to research from LinkedIn, the professional networking site, 150 million new technology jobs will be created in the next five years.

Yet nearly 40% of the UK’s working population lack digital skills.

A report by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2020 found that 61% of the active population in the UK had digital skills – compared to 69.4% in the US.

The UK government has promised a skills “revolution” to try to bridge the skills gap, by providing opportunities for adults to retrain and “upskill”.

Mark Wright says he too is providing training, but it won’t immediately alleviate the pressing need firms like his have for staff.

What are digital skills?
“We’re actually starting an academy to train people but that’s a bit of a ‘slow boat’ – we need people now and we can’t find them anywhere,” says Mr Wright.

UK ‘heading towards digital skills shortage disaster’
‘I can’t read or write, but I can cook’
According to a UK government report in 2019, digital skills were required in 82% of job adverts online posted in the 12 month period between April 2017 and April 2018, but the precise skills in demand were not uniform across the country.

‘Digital skills’ is a loose term. It could mean anything from sending emails and taking part in video calls – something many of us will have adjusted to during the pandemic – to more complex talents such as data science and coding.

But learning those more complicated skills is likely to pay off, says Jennifer Openshaw who recently changed career.

‘I thought the tech world was closed to me’
History graduate Jennifer turned to coding after a career with the National Trust. And she’s just landed a job as a software engineer at BAE Systems.

“I started looking at digital jobs because while I was being a full-time mum to our two little boys, we moved 200-odd miles away from where we had been living, so I needed to explore new avenues and a new career.

“I had thought that the tech world was closed to me. I thought it was too late, and I didn’t have a computer science degree, so there was no hope really.

“Then a friend mentioned coding boot camps. She explained to me that they were a way to learn new computer programming skills.

“There were so many more opportunities from having completed the course. You only have to do one Google search for ‘software engineer’ or ‘software developer’ to see that there are so many roles,” she adds.

Katherine Rust is a science graduate but had to learn new digital skills in order to secure her current job.

“I had a job at a little convenience store. Obviously with Covid, I got stuck there a lot longer than I wanted to be,” she says.

“I was applying for different science roles the entire time but it was always an issue of ‘you’ve not got enough experience’, because I’d never worked in a data role before.”

Katherine went online to look for courses and started teaching herself basic Python, a computer programming language.

She is now a data analyst at Bidnamic, in Leeds, which helps retailers make the most of online sales.

For others who are similarly thinking about retraining for a new career, how do you join the dots to make sure you have the right skills, in the right place and at the right time?

“Have a think about your own skills, your strengths,” says Gori Yahaya, founder and CEO of Upskill Digital, a computer skills training provider.

“Think about what might be the best areas that you want to invest in; what jobs seem attractive to you – maybe your organisation is investing in a particular tech.

“Then go online – have a look at some of the programmes and free training that exists out there.”

Above all, he stresses people with long careers in other disciplines should not be put off learning new skills, many of which have only evolved in the last decade or so.

“A lot of these are new technologies. People have had to teach themselves how to do them, or companies have had to teach them.”

A woman who worked for beauty YouTuber James Charles says she has received online death threats since making her legal action against him public.

Kelly Rocklein claims she was fired two weeks after fainting and hitting her head while with him at a nail salon.

Mr Charles has responded by posting a video on Twitter, where he has 7.8 million followers.

He had been taking a break from social media after admitting sending sexually explicit messages to two boys aged 16.

Following this, YouTube temporarily demonetised his account, which has 25 million followers.

‘Racial slur’
Ms Rocklein, who worked for Mr Charles for six months in 2018, is suing for wrongful dismissal, lost wages and emotional distress.

She says she was working 12-18 hour days, producing videos, managing his social media and coming up with content ideas.

She also alleges he would ask her to do additional personal tasks, such as clean his house and pick up his dirty laundry, and used a racial slur on multiple occasions.

She was paid $72,000 (£51,400) per year for the role but says “it felt like doing two jobs, seven days a week”.

‘Taking advantage’
Mr Charles says her claims are “ridiculous absurd, untrue, defamatory… the craziest claims you could imagine”.

In his video response, he claims he feels “blackmailed” and accuses Ms Rocklein of “taking advantage” of his situation.

“We’re dealing with the court of public opinion and it’s a court that is not on my side right now,” he says.

Ms Rocklein told BBC News she had chosen to speak out because she had seen support for others affected by Mr Charles’s actions.

‘Kill herself’
“I feel like, up until this point, everyone on the internet had a lot to say and I didn’t have the opportunity to share my truth and my experience,” she said.

But since Mr Charles uploaded his response, which has been viewed nearly two million times, she had received death threats, demands to kill herself and abuse about her appearance.

“I was shocked and overwhelmed – it’s scary,” she said.

Ms Rocklein’s lawyer, Edwin Pairavi, told BBC News the legal action had been delayed by two years by Mr Charles’s legal team.

“After Kelly was fired, we sent a letter trying to resolve this amicably,” he said. “They said no.”

Mr Charles says he has refused to pay a settlement.

“My only option is to pursue this to the fullest extent of the law,” he says.

‘More expensive’
Mr Pairavi confirmed Mr Charles’s complaint that the overall cost of the resulting legal action now ran into hundreds of thousands of dollars but said it was “not unusual” for this type of claim.

“The longer it takes, the more expensive it becomes,” he added.

The case can now be made public, following a failed attempt at arbitration.

No court date has yet been set.

Ms Rocklein said she now worked in digital marketing and had no desire to return to working with influencers.