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A company backed by Amazon’s Jeff Bezos is set to build a large-scale nuclear fusion demonstration plant in Oxfordshire.

Canada’s General Fusion is one of the leading private firms aiming to turn the promise of fusion into a commercially viable energy source.

The new facility will be built at Culham, home to the UK’s national fusion research programme.

It won’t generate power, but will be 70% the size of a commercial reactor.

General Fusion will enter into a long-term commercial lease with the UK Atomic Energy Authority following the construction of the facility at the Culham campus.

While commercial details have not been disclosed, the development is said to cost around $400m.

It aims to be operational by 2025.

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Fusion is the process by which the Sun generates energy. Harnessing it here on Earth is seen as a critical step towards greener nuclear power.

It differs from the traditional nuclear approach by attempting to fuse atoms together rather than splitting them.

In theory, fusion promises a safer, carbon-free energy source that produces very little radioactive waste.

But getting atoms to fuse together at temperatures several times hotter than the surface of the Sun has proven a huge technological and financial challenge.

A major international effort to build a fusion reactor is underway in the south of France with the Iter project.

But this $20bn dollar venture has been hampered by delays and isn’t likely to be working effectively until after 2035.

Frustrated by the slow progress, private companies across the world have been following their own approaches, and General Fusion’s effort is seen as one of the most advanced.

Backed by Jeff Bezos for over a decade, the company raised $100m in its last round of funding and is preparing to go back to investors for more cash to show that the firm’s technology can be successfully scaled up.

The company uses an approach called magnetised target fusion.

In this process, a super-heated gas called a plasma, consisting of a particular form of hydrogen, is injected into a cylinder which is surrounded by a wall of liquid metal.

Hundreds of pneumatic pistons are then used to compress the plasma until the atoms fuse, generating massive amounts of heat.

This heat is transferred by the liquid metal, and used to boil water and make steam to drive a turbine.

The company says that a key advantage of their approach is that much of the technology exists in industry already.

This is a very different approach to that being taken by other fusion programmes, at Culham for example.

The campus is owned and managed by the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and is also the location of major fusion research efforts: the Joint European Torus (Jet) and Mast Upgrade.

“Coming to Culham gives us the opportunity to benefit from UKAEA’s expertise,” said Christofer Mowry, the chief executive of General Fusion.

“By locating at this campus, General Fusion expands our market presence beyond North America into Europe, broadening our global network of government, institutional, and industrial partners.

“This is incredibly exciting news for not only General Fusion, but also the global effort to develop practical fusion energy.”

The decision to locate the demonstration plant in Oxfordshire was made possible by funding from the UK government, with the monetary amount described by Christofer Mowry in wire agency reports as “very meaningful”.

While UK ministers were positive about the development, they wouldn’t be drawn on the amount of taxpayer’s money involved.

The government says the agreement with General Fusion will support hundreds of jobs both in Oxfordshire and beyond, during the 3-year construction phase, as well as many others during the operational phase.

They say it will complement the government’s commitment of £222m for the UKAEA’s Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (Step) programme, which aims to design and build the world’s first prototype fusion power plant by 2040.

“This new plant by General Fusion is a huge boost for our plans to develop a fusion industry in the UK, and I’m thrilled that Culham will be home to such a cutting-edge and potentially transformative project,” said UK Science Minister Amanda Solloway.

“Fusion energy has great potential as a source of limitless, low-carbon energy, and today’s announcement is a clear vote of confidence in the region and the UK’s status as a global science superpower.”

ByteDance, the Chinese company behind the smash-hit video app TikTok, saw its earnings double last year.

An internal memo released to staff showed that the firm’s total revenue jumped by 111% to $34.3bn (£24.7bn) for 2020.

The figures underscore TikTok’s continued global popularity.

It comes as ByteDance and several other Chinese technology giants have come under increasing pressure from governments around the world.

ByteDance also saw its annual gross profit rise by 93% to to $19bn, while it recorded a net loss of $45bn for the same period.

The net loss was attributed to a one-off accounting adjustment and not related to the company’s operations.

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The memo also showed that ByteDance had around 1.9bn monthly active users across all of its platforms as of December last year.

A ByteDance spokesperson confirmed the figures to the BBC.

White House pressure
The massive popularity of TikTok has meant that ByteDance has been scrutinised by governments around the world, including in the US and China.

On Thursday, Reuters reported that an executive order signed by President Joe Biden earlier this month would force some Chinese apps to take tougher measures to protect user data if they wanted to stay in the US market.

It came after President Biden revoked an executive order from his predecessor Donald Trump that banned Chinese apps TikTok and WeChat in the US.

The ban faced a series of legal challenges and never came into force.

Instead, the US Department of Commerce said it would review apps designed and developed by those in “the jurisdiction of a foreign adversary”, such as China.

It should use an “evidence-based approach” to see if they pose a risk to US national security, President Biden said.

During the previous administration, President Trump regularly attacked ByteDance, accusing TikTok of being a threat to US national security.

Politicians and officials raised concerns about users’ personal data being passed to the Chinese government.

TikTok has denied accusations that it shared user data with Beijing.

Beijing scrutiny
In April, Chinese regulators called on 13 online platforms, including ByteDance, to adhere to tighter regulations in their financial divisions.

It came as part of a wider push to rein in the country’s technology giants.

The authorities said the aim was to prevent monopolistic behaviour and the “disorderly expansion of capital”.

For many years, Beijing had taken a hands off approach to encourage the technology industry to grow.

Company shake-up
In May, ByteDance announced that the company’s CEO and co-founder Zhang Yiming would step down and transition to a new role by the end of the year.

In a letter to employees, Mr Zhang said he would be succeeded by fellow co-founder Rubo Liang.

“The truth is, I lack some of the skills that make an ideal manager. I’m more interested in analysing organizational and market principles, and leveraging these theories to further reduce management work, rather than actually managing people,” Mr Zhang wrote in a message on the company’s website.

“Similarly, I’m not very social, preferring solitary activities like being online, reading, listening to music, and contemplating what may be possible,” he added.

The move marked the biggest shake-up at the Chinese technology giant since its launch almost a decade ago.

Social-media users are sharing Google Street View images featuring friends and relatives who have since died.

It was sparked by a post on the Twitter account Fesshole, which asks followers to submit anonymous confessions – many of which are explicit.

The original poster said they had searched the map platform for images taken before their father had died.

Launched in the US in 2007, Google Street View has since rolled out worldwide.

The BBC’s Neil Henderson shared an image of his late father at his front door.

“I have literally hundreds of pics of my dad but the Google Street View is quite affecting, like he’s still around,” he wrote.

Another tweeter showed an image of a couple holding hands in the street – his parents, he said, who had died several years ago.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
View original tweet on Twitter
One captured a lady just outside her doorway. “My mum creeping outside for a cigarette,” wrote Bernard Baker.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
View original tweet on Twitter

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
View original tweet on Twitter
Others said just seeing local images taken when their loved ones were still alive made them feel a connection.

And some expressed regret images poignant to them had been replaced with more recent photos.

There is, however, a way to look back at previous incarnations – by tapping the clock icon on the top left-hand side of Google Maps (the feature does not appear on Google Earth), if it is there.

Karim Palant used this tool to find a former image of his late grandfather Charles Palant, taken from the street in 2015 and showing him leaning out of his window from his apartment in Paris to talk to his carer below.

A Christmas release date for Halo: Infinite was among dozens of announcements at Microsoft’s E3 show.

It was scheduled for release last year alongside the new Xbox, but was delayed due to the pandemic and amid outcry from players over its graphics.

A new Forza racing game and the Xbox release of Flight Simulator were also among the 30 titles revealed.

It was the first E3 since Microsoft acquired Bethesda last year for $7.5bn (£5.3bn).

Unlike other developers’ conferences, the 90-minute Microsoft show was nearly entirely back-to-back game trailers and announcements, with few speeches in-between.

Bethesda boss Todd Howard started the event with news of a November 2022 release date for the firm’s first new series in 25 years, Starfield.

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The space-faring game was shown only with some in-game footage of a ship taking off from the surface of another world – revealing no new details about what its gameplay would be like.

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Halo: Infinite was officially delayed due to the pandemic.

But a preview released in July 2020 was widely criticised by fans of the game as looking unpolished, with enemy character models labelled as crude and reminiscent of older games, rather than a next-gen title. The developers pledged to work hard on improving them.

Sunday’s video showed off the series hero Master Chief meeting a new AI character, as the two discussed a mystery around the fate of Cortana, the game’s other long-running protagonist.

But it notably did not include the alien enemy models which caused so much controversy last year.

Microsoft did, however, show off the game’s multiplayer mode for the first time – the main attraction for many players.

Sticking to plans to make the multiplayer part of the game a free-to-play package, not requiring a purchase of the main product, Microsoft said it would release it alongside the game for the Christmas shopping season.

The company’s flagship racing title, Forza Horizon 5, set in Mexico, was also revealed for the first time with a 9 November release date.

Developers said parts of Mexico’s real landscape had been faithfully recreated using photogrammetry data – the same type of 3D technique used by Microsoft’s Flight Simulator to map realistic cities. But in Forza’s case, it was used for geographic features such as the caldera of a volcano.

A new game mode would allow players to create their own challenges – such as a “bowling alley” map where players drove through bowling pins and over ramps.

Flight Sim gets Top Gun
Another impending release was the arrival of Flight Simulator for Xbox consoles on 27 July.

The game was first released in August 2020 on PCs, and is notorious for pushing even high-end gaming computers to their limits.

A new expansion was also shown off, tied to the Top Gun film series – which will bring official support for fighter-jet style planes for the first time. Previously, such planes have only been available through player mods or paid add-ons.

Microsoft’s surprise pandemic hit, the pirate-themed Sea of Thieves, is also getting an expansion featuring Pirates of the Caribbean characters – including Captain Jack Sparrow.

Other titles announced included:

Stalker 2: Heart of Chernobyl, a next-gen sequel to the 2007 original
The first gameplay footage of Battlefield 2042, announced with a cinematic trailer a few days before
Psychonauts 2, a much-anticipated sequel to Double Fine’s beloved platformer, releasing 25 August
The Outer Worlds 2, a follow-up to the 2019 original
Redfall, a new shooter from Dishonored developer Arkane, featuring a vampire-hunting group of magically-enhanced gun-wielding characters
Of the 30 titles unveiled, 27 are included in Xbox’s subscription service, Game Pass.

‘Constant flow’
Piers Harding-Rolls, games analyst at Ampere, said that Microsoft’s strategy was to grow the service to tens of millions of users by accepting a broad range of new games from third party developers.

“It needs to have a constant flow of fresh and appealing content in the pipeline,” he said.

“Certain types of new games are particularly suited to Game Pass – generally those that benefit more from a ready-made audience compared to just competing with other premium releases in the store.”

Notably absent from Microsoft’s show was any mention from Bethesda of the Elder Scrolls 6, the sequel to Skyrim announced at E3 2018.

And in a nod to gamer jokes about the Xbox Series X’s boxy upright aesthetic, the firm closed the show with the reveal of an Xbox-shaped mini-fridge which it said it would sell near the end of the year.

Square Enix followed Microsoft, revealing its new Guardians of the Galaxy title which will be a single-player adventure game, and an expansion for The Avengers which will focus on the Black Panther character.

Monday’s conferences include Resident Evil maker Capcom.

But Microsoft’s lengthy showcase is arguably the biggest of the weekend – until Nintendo’s 40-minute presentation on Tuesday.

Facebook will let all employees who can work away from the office do so after the Covid pandemic is over.

The company has told employees “anyone whose role can be done remotely can request remote work”.

Rival big tech firms Apple and Google have recently reversed pandemic working conditions, telling staff to return to the office in the coming months.

Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg told staff he plans to spend up to half of 2022 working remotely.

He had previously said that half of the company’s 60,000 employees could be working from home within a decade.

Facebook’s offices are expected to open to full capacity in October, but employees without permission to work remotely will have to come in at least half the time.

A Facebook executive, quoted by the Wall Street Journal, declined to say how many employees currently had permission to work from home, but said the company had approved about 90% of requests.

Contracted out
The company told the BBC that its new remote work policies apply to Facebook employees only, and not subcontractors, who are widely used to carry out content moderation and other tasks.

In November 2020, content moderators openly accused Facebook of forcing them back into the office.

At the time, the company said that the majority of its 15,000 global content reviewers had been working remotely, and would be able to do so for the duration of the pandemic.

Mr Zuckerberg set out his own experience of remote working in a separate memo to staff.

He said being out of the office had made him “happier and more productive at work”, adding it had given him “more space for long-term thinking” and enabled him to “spend more time with my family”.

Mr Zuckerberg spends some of his time on his private estate in Hawaii.

Home days
Other tech giants have also set out their future plans for the return to the office.

On Thursday, Amazon told employees they’re expected to work in-office at least three days per week, with the specific days to be decided on by leadership teams.

Employees in the UK, US and a handful of other countries are expected to begin their return to the office in early September.

In an all-staff memo last week Apple boss Tim Cook said he missed the “hum of activity” and workers should be in the office at least three days a week by September, specifying Wednesdays and Fridays as when employees may work remotely.

But that plan proved controversial among some employees, who circulated a letter that said Apple’s policy had “already forced some of our colleagues to quit”.

In a message to “Googlers” in May, chief executive Sundar Pichai wrote that the company would move to a hybrid work week, where most staff would “spend approximately three days in the office, and two days wherever they work best”.

The changes, he wrote, should eventually result in the majority of employees being in the office a few days a week, and about a fifth working remotely full-time.

Mr Pichai added: “The future of work is flexibility.”

A major internet blackout that hit many high-profile websites on Tuesday has been blamed on a software bug.

Fastly, the cloud-computing company responsible for the issues, said the bug had been triggered when one of its customers had changed their settings.

The outage has raised questions about relying on a handful of companies to run the vast infrastructure that underpins the internet.

Fastly apologised and said the problem should have been anticipated.

The outage, which lasted about an hour, hit some popular websites such as Amazon, Reddit, the Guardian and the New York Times.

Fastly senior engineering executive Nick Rockwell said: “This outage was broad and severe – and we’re truly sorry for the impact to our customers and everyone who relies on them.”

The company operates servers at strategic points around the world to help customers move and store content close to their end users.

But a customer quite legitimately changing their settings had exposed a bug in a software update issued to customers in mid-May, causing “85% of our network to return errors”, it said.

Engineers had worked out the cause of the problem about 40 minutes after websites had gone offline at about 11:00 BST, Fastly said.

“Within 49 minutes, 95% of our network was operating as normal,” it said.

The company has deployed a bug fix across its network and promised a “post mortem of the processes and practices we followed during this incident” and to “figure out why we didn’t detect the bug during our software quality assurance and testing processes”.

A photographer has launched legal action against gamemaker Capcom, accusing it of using dozens of her images without permission.

Judy Juracek claims Capcom used photographed patterns from a published book throughout its games – including Resident Evil and Devil My Cry.

In one example listed in court documents, she alleged the Resident Evil 4 logo uses the infringed assets.

She is seeking $12m (£8.5m) in damages from the Japanese games firm.

Capcom told gaming news site Polygon – which first reported on the legal case – that it was “aware of the lawsuit” but had no further comment.

‘Visual research’
Ms Juracek’s case claims that textures and images were taken from her 1996 book Surfaces, which is described as “visual research for artists, architects, and designers”.

The book included a CD-Rom with digital images of the textures.

But the CD-Rom, the case alleges, was for inspiration and research only – any use of the images would have needed another licence, and that was made clear in the CD’s copyright notice, her lawyers wrote. They say “many different parties” contacted Ms Juracek to obtain licences for commercial use.

Capcom did not – but used many images anyway, the filing claims.

In one example, an image of shattered glass photographed in Italy is compared to the logo used for Resident Evil 4.

Ms Juracek argues: “The probability of an object hitting the same thickness and configuration of glass identically at any other location is impossible or exceptionally remote.”

More than 100 pages of examples of further alleged infringements include stained glass windows used in a remaster of the original Resident Evil, wood, brick and carving reliefs used in Devil May Cry, and dozens more.

On top of the demand for financial compensation, Ms Juracek is demanding that Capcom “destroy each and every copy of all games” and other products using her images.

Hacked revelations
The court filing also reveals that the Capcom hack late last year was at least part of the reason Ms Juracek realised her content had allegedly been used without permission, despite some of the games being many years old.

The Capcom hack announced in November is believed to have compromised the personal information of up to 350,000 people, the company said at the time.

After the hacked materials were released publicly, they were found to include high-resolution artwork images, it is alleged.

The file names for “at least one” of the images from those hacked files are the same as those on Ms Juracek’s Surfaces CD-Rom, the case alleges.

In all, she and her legal team identified 80 photographs they say were used without permission.

Apple device users will now be able see when individual apps request to access features such as the microphone, camera and phone gallery, plus which third parties they have connected with in the last seven days.

The new “app privacy report” feature was unveiled at the firm’s annual developers’ conference, WWDC.

Apple has prioritised privacy lately, including a war on ad-tracking.

No new hardware was announced at the event, despite earlier speculation.

Privacy
The new privacy report goes further than Apple’s existing “nutrition labels” which show users what kinds of permissions apps ask for, before they are installed.

It will allow users to dive deep into when exactly an app used the permissions it has been given – and what third-party websites it contacted or sent data to.

“Apple continues to double down on privacy,” said Thomas Husson, analyst at Forrester.

“In this area, no doubt Apple is leading the pack and setting the tone for the rest of the industry.”

Other privacy-focused updates included:

audio processing moving to be on-device only – so voice commands to Apple’s smart assistant Siri will not be uploaded to central servers, unlike competitors such as the Amazon Echo
Apple Mail to hide the IP address of the device it is accessed on, meaning that senders of marketing emails, for example, cannot track where an email is sent and whether it is read
Apple’s own web browser Safari will prevent any third parties from accessing a user’s IP address to block tracking
iCloud subscribers will have the option to route Safari traffic through two internet relays, similar to a VPN, to hide your identity; and the “hide my email” feature, first unveiled in 2019, will be extended to hide email addresses when used to sign up to a number of online services
However a previous move by the tech giant to offer its customers a choice over whether to accept tracking for the purposes of advertising was criticised by a number of firms, including Facebook and other free-to-use services, for which ad tracking is a rich source of revenue.

Facetime
The firm also showed off a raft of updates to its Facetime video calling platform, some of which appear to compete with apps such as Zoom which exploded in popularity during the pandemic.

They include a gallery mode to view multiple speakers, a portrait mode with blurred backgrounds, and the ability to schedule Facetime calls and create web links.

This will also enable Android and Windows PC users to join calls, Apple’s senior vice president of Software Engineering Craig Federighi said. Until now, the platform has only worked between Apple devices.

The new features form part of its latest operating system, iOS15.

“Allowing Apple owners to invite Android and PC users to FaceTime calls via a browser acknowledges the pandemic has sparked explosive growth in group video calling,” said Ben Wood, chief analyst at CCS Insight.

“Apple risked being left behind services such as Teams and Zoom – but browser-based calling won’t be enough to close the gap.”

Apple Wallet and digital records
Digital keys are coming to Apple Wallet, announced the firm’s Jennifer Bailey.

Car firm BMW and hotel chain Hyatt will be among the first to offer the keys – and it will also be available for homes.

The collaboration with BMW was initially announced at WWDC 2020 but has yet to actually launch.In some US states, iPhone users will also be able to store their State ID and driving licences, with the Transportation Security Administration lined up to be among the first to be able to use it, said Ms Bailey.

Apple also announced Live Text, which is able to scan a user’s library of photos for text that can be made searchable and copied and pasted between apps – for example, a phone number from a business card or menu.

Some note-taking apps have used optical character recognition (OCR) for similar reasons for years, but Apple’s solution is baked into the phone operating system itself.

Health app
The health app can now track walking steadiness and issue alerts if a user appears less steady, along with exercise suggestions as to how it might improve.

Apple also enabled health app data sharing with doctors, and between family members, but only with the health app user’s consent. The encrypted data is not visible to the tech giant, it stressed.

However, there may be a cultural barrier to overcome here, said Ben Wood.

“The ability to share health data with other family members looks an interesting idea on paper, but it is hard to see that many parents would want to share updates with their children,” he said.

There may, for example, be a number of reasons why a person’s heart rate increases which are not medical emergencies.

Others, like Carolina Milanesi from Creative Strategies, said she could see it being taken up by families who live far away.

“My biggest worry over the pandemic was my mom and asking how she was felt like nagging her,” she tweeted.

A social media account for popular Chinese e-commerce app Xiaohongshu has been blocked after it issued a post on the anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown.

It had posted “Tell me loudly: what’s the date today?” on microblogging platform Weibo.

The post to its 14 million followers was swiftly deleted.

Its Weibo page has been replaced by a message saying it is being investigated for violations of laws and regulations.

Xiaohongshu has yet to comment publicly on the matter. As of Monday morning, its account on Weibo remained locked, but the app – which has an estimated 300 million users – was still working.

It is unclear whether the post was intended to reference the crackdown. One person familiar with the matter told the Wall Street Journal that the post had not been linked to the anniversary.

Xiaohongshu, backed by Chinese internet giants Alibaba and Tencent, has been described as China’s Instagram with e-commerce and is mostly used by young, urban Chinese women.

It shares the same name in Chinese – Little Red Book – as the famous book of quotations by Mao Zedong, the father of Communist China.

Xiaohongshu regularly poses questions in its social media posts and has made similar posts to mark the weekend.

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The anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown is highly sensitive in China, with the ruling party regularly suppressing efforts to mark the day when Chinese troops crushed pro-democracy protests in Beijing on 4 June 1989.

Estimates of the dead vary from a few hundred to several thousand.

On Friday, Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Chow Hang Tung was arrested for promoting unauthorised assembly. Ms Chow is vice chairwoman of the Hong Kong Alliance which organises annual vigils for victims of the crackdown.

The government is proceeding with the creation of a central store of data from GP records in England next month, despite the NHS suggesting a delay.

The data is moving to a central NHS Digital database, with the Department of Health saying it expects GPs to introduce the system from 1 July.

The NHS wanted a delay until September so patients had more time to learn about the system, the BBC has learned.

Critics worry the data could be misused by third parties.

Under a new system, called General Practice Data for Planning and Research, data from surgeries in England will be added to an NHS Digital database in “near real-time”.

The programme will also extract data from records created up to 10 years ago.

Patients have until 23 June to opt out.

There is widespread agreement that the data could be of great value to research, but doctors are concerned the public is not well enough informed about what is happening.

The British Medical Association and Royal College of General Practitioners have issued a rare joint letter to express their “concerns about the lack of communication with the public”.

The letter calls for NHS Digital to “take immediate action to run a public information campaign”.

Some GPs in east London have reportedly already refused to hand over patient data, citing the lack of an effective information campaign to tell the public about the changes.

Whether to delay, and in what form, has been the subject of intense discussions this week.

But on Thursday night, the Department of Health said in a statement that it expected the system to start on 1 July. It added that the plan would “provide benefits to patients across England” and that it was putting support in place.

“The new programme for collecting data has been developed in collaboration with doctors, patients and data, privacy and ethics experts to build on and improve systems for data collection,” the statement said.

Medical privacy campaign group MedConfidential criticised the decision to proceed as potentially “destroying public trust and harming research in the process”.

Informed consent
Campaigning law group Foxglove is supporting a coalition of organisations to challenge the scheme in court, and has sent a pre-action letter to the Department of Health and NHS Digital.

The letter warns that unless the government pauses the scheme and seeks “meaningful patient consent”, the group will seek an injunction to halt it.

This is not the first time the NHS has sought to extract data from GP records.

In 2016, a scheme called Care.data was abandoned and questions were raised about the adequacy of efforts to inform the public about it.

As part of Care.data, every household in England was sent a leaflet about the programme and the possibility of opting out, although a survey by the BBC suggested that less than a third recalled getting one.

Big data
NHS Digital says it will collect a range of information including data about “physical, mental and sexual health”, while details of gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation will also be included.

The NHS says the data will only be used for planning and research purposes, that each application to use it will need approval from advisory groups.

It may not be used “solely” for commercial purposes or for insurance, marketing, promoting or selling products or services, or market research.

However, some private sector organisations will be able to see it with permission, and critics are worried about the type of organisations that may gain access.

They point to the controversial involvement of firms like US data firm Palantir in the analysis of other NHS data.

Research reward
Last year there were more than 300 requests for GP data using “legacy systems”.

NHS Digital says GP data has benefited millions during the pandemic, helping the most vulnerable, rolling out the vaccination programme and identifying live-saving Covid treatments.

Prof Martin Landray, who jointly leads the “Recovery” trial which helped identify treatments for people hospitalised with Covid-19, told the BBC Tech Tent podcast there were many conditions where data needed for research was held only in GP records.

He said researchers could already request data from GPs, but the new system would bring consistency to how it is used and controlled.

“I can understand why at one level ‘all my data is going to be made available’ sounds scary,” he said.

“I don’t think that we should view it in that way.”